Technological solutions for the remediation of contaminated sites.
The low solubility of the components of the non-aqueous phase liquids (NAPL-Non Aqueos Phase Liquids) in the unsaturated and saturated zone, limits the conventional remediation processes of aquifers by pumping and treatment. The aquifer remediation process using surfactants or tensioactives (SEAR-Surfactant-enhanced aquifer remediation) increases the mass of pollutant extracted by washing using surfactants and cosolvents.
Surfactants have hydrophobic and hydrophilic parts and form micelles when their concentration is greater than the critical micelle concentration (CMC). Surfactants accumulate at the NAPL / water interface, reducing surface tension and mobilizing the mass of NAPL and increasing its solubilization. The sites where SEAR processes are applied require a hydraulic control system that prevents the escape of mobilized hydrocarbons and their impact on downstream receivers. The appropriate surfactant should be chosen based on the contamination present and the hydrogeological characteristics of the site, as long as it ensures proper mobilization and emulsification. The application of surfactants reduces remediation times and avoids spikes associated with the mobilization of pollutants present in the oscillation band with variations in the water table.
